Thang Long Imperial Citadel

Thang Long Imperial Citadel – A Grand Symbol of Vietnam's History and Culture

Thang Long Imperial Citadel is one of the grand symbols of Vietnam's history and culture. Located in the heart of Hanoi, this site is not only a UNESCO World Heritage site but also a vivid testament to over 1,300 years of Vietnamese history, with unforgettable stories, architecture, and culture.

1. History and Significance of Thang Long Imperial Citadel

Thang Long Imperial Citadel was built in the 7th century during the Dinh and Early Le dynasties, but it wasn't until the Ly dynasty (1010) that this place truly became the political, cultural, and power center. Originally named "Dai La Citadel," Thang Long Imperial Citadel was constructed and expanded through the Ly, Tran, Le, and Nguyen dynasties, becoming the site of many important historical events of the nation. The special feature of this site is that it not only holds historical significance but also reflects the continuous development of Vietnamese culture through the ages. In 2010, on the occasion of the 1,000th anniversary of Thang Long – Hanoi, this site was recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site.

2. Development History of Thang Long – Hanoi

Hanoi today has gone through various stages of formation and development as follows:

Pre-Thang Long Period: In the 9th century, during the Tang Dynasty, Tong Binh (now Hanoi) was the center of power of An Nam. In 866, General Gao Pian built Dai La Citadel, and according to legend, this was the land of Long Do. Later, local forces rose up, and Duong Dinh Nghe and Ngo Quyen regained autonomy for Dai La in the 10th century, defeating the Southern Han army and establishing independence.

Ly – Tran Period (11th – 14th century): In 1010, King Ly Thai To moved the capital from Hoa Lu to Dai La, renamed it Thang Long, and built a citadel with three concentric circles. Ly Thai To also constructed many structures within the Imperial Citadel. During the Tran Dynasty, the city's layout continued to develop with large palaces and imperial gardens.

Le – Mac Period (15th – 18th century): After defeating the Ming invaders, Le Thai To renamed Thang Long to Dong Kinh and continued to rebuild the Imperial Citadel. During this period, many new palaces were constructed. In the 16th century, the Mac Dynasty took control of Thang Long but was later pushed back, and the Trinh Lords' residence became the center of power.

From Thang Long to Hanoi: In 1802, the Nguyen Dynasty ascended the throne and moved the capital to Phu Xuan, and Thang Long became Bac Thanh (Northern Citadel). Gia Long rebuilt the citadel in the Vauban style of France. In 1831, Thang Long was officially renamed Hanoi and maintained under French colonial rule.

Hanoi during the Nguyen Dynasty: The Hanoi Citadel built by Gia Long in the early 19th century was smaller in scale than before. Structures such as Hanoi Flag Tower (1812) and Kinh Thien Palace (the old foundation of the Le Dynasty) were preserved, but old palaces were destroyed after the French occupied Hanoi.

Hanoi, from an ancient power center, has gone through numerous historical changes, from the golden era of the Ly – Tran dynasties to wars and administrative reforms, becoming the current capital of Vietnam.

3. Unique Architecture – A Fusion of Time

Stepping into Thang Long Imperial Citadel, you will immediately see the perfect combination of ancient relics and carefully preserved new architecture. The most notable highlights include:

Hanoi Flag Tower: Built in 1812 during the Nguyen Dynasty, this is one of the rare structures that remained intact after the war. Standing over 33 meters tall, the Flag Tower is a proud symbol of the capital.

Doan Mon: The main gate leading into the Imperial Citadel, Doan Mon bears the architectural mark of the Ly Dynasty with its delicate and grand design. This was the path taken by kings and nobles to enter the palaces.

North Gate: Also known as the Main North Gate, this is the only remaining gate of the old Hanoi Citadel. Located on Phan Dinh Phung Street, it was built in 1805 during the Nguyen Dynasty in the style of a watchtower. The upper part of the gate has been restored to honor two heroes, Nguyen Tri Phuong and Hoang Dieu.

Kinh Thien Palace: This important historical relic in the heart of the ancient Hanoi citadel once served as the nucleus of the historical architectural complex. Only the old foundation remains, with prominent features including a system of stone steps and four intricately carved stone dragons, reflecting the Le Dynasty's sculptural art.

Hau Lau (Princess's Pavilion): A mysterious and poetic place where imperial concubines and princesses once lived. Hau Lau is also considered a symbol of femininity in the Imperial Citadel.

18 Hoang Dieu Archaeological Site: Here, you can admire the remnants of the foundations of palaces and temples from the Ly, Tran, and Le dynasties. Each brick and ceramic vase on display tells a story of a glorious past.

4. Special Cultural and Historical Values

Thang Long Imperial Citadel is not only a center of power but also a repository of cultural values, from ancient stele inscriptions and manuscripts to architectural art. Archaeological excavations have revealed secrets about construction techniques and the lifestyle of the Vietnamese people thousands of years ago. This site is also a symbol of the resilient spirit of the Vietnamese nation. During the resistance against the French and Americans, the Imperial Citadel became an important base, housing command bunkers and safeguarding independence.

5. Fascinating Visiting Experiences

Visiting Thang Long Imperial Citadel is not just about exploring history but also a journey connecting with the past. Some highlights you shouldn't miss:

World Heritage Exploration Journey: Admire rare artifacts such as ceramics, bronze items, and ancient weapons unearthed from feudal dynasties.

Green Space: Thang Long is not just a historical relic but also a place to relax under the shade of green trees.

Beautiful Photo Spots: Doan Mon, Hanoi Flag Tower, and Hau Lau are all ideal places to capture your most beautiful memories.

6. Conclusion

Concluding the visit, I hope you have felt the grandeur, permanence, and historical significance of Thang Long Imperial Citadel. This is not just an architectural work but also the soul and pride of the Vietnamese people. If you love history and want to learn about the roots of Vietnamese culture, visit Thang Long Imperial Citadel at least once in your life. This place will surely leave a deep and unforgettable impression!

Notes When Visiting

• Opening Hours: Tuesday to Sunday, from 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM.
• To gain deeper insights into the relics, consider using a guide service or renting an audio guide at the entrance
• Since this is a historical and cultural site, choose discreet and appropriate attire.

Ticket Prices:

• Adults: 30,000 VND per ticket
• Students (aged 15 and above) and seniors (aged 60 and above): 15,000 VND per ticket
• Children under 15 and those who have contributed to the revolution: Free