Temple of Literature – Quoc Tu Giam (Imperial Academy)

Temple of Literature – Quoc Tu Giam (Imperial Academy), A Symbol of Vietnam's Ancient Culture and Knowledge
Did you know that the Temple of Literature – Quoc Tu Giam is not only a historical site but also considered the first university in Vietnam? This place marks the feudal education system's journey, spanning over 700 years, from the Ly Dynasty to the Nguyen Dynasty. Let's step into this sacred space with Tatinta to explore its ancient beauty and understand its significance.

1. History of the Temple of Literature

The Temple of Literature Quoc Tu Giam was built in 1070 during the reign of King Ly Thanh Tong. Initially, it was dedicated to Confucian sages and served as a learning center for the royal family, with Crown Prince Ly Can Duc being its first student. In 1076, King Ly Nhan Tong established Quoc Tu Giam, adjacent to the temple, which became the first university in Vietnam, initially reserved for royal and noble children.

Later, Quoc Tu Giam expanded to admit talented commoners. In the 13th century, the Imperial Academy was established with lecturers like Chu Van An. During the Le Dynasty, Confucianism flourished, and doctoral steles were erected in the Temple of Literature, commemorating those who passed the royal exams.

After several renovations, by the Nguyen Dynasty, the Temple of Literature became a symbol of education in Hanoi, with the addition of Khue Van Pavilion. Although it was destroyed during the 1947 war, the Thai Hoc section was rebuilt, maintaining its traditional structure.

2. Three-Entrance Gate – Gateway to History

We start the tour from the Three-Entrance Gate, a symbol welcoming everyone to the academic sanctuary. The gate is majestically built with three pathways: the central one for the king, the two side pathways for civil and military officials. Passing through here, you will see a large horizontal board engraved with three Chinese characters: “Van Mieu Mon.”

Stepping through the Three-Entrance Gate feels like entering another world, where time seems to slow down, taking us back to the solemn and contemplative atmosphere of ancient times.

3. Literature Lake – Symbol of Wisdom and Purity

Entering further, you will see Literature Lake, also known as Giám Lake, shining in the vast space. The tranquil lake surface symbolizes the pure soul and focus of Confucian scholars. On the small island in the middle of the lake, there used to be Nguyet Anh Pavilion – a venue for literary discussions and poetry recitals in the past.

Take a moment to stop here, listen to the water, and feel the spirit of a great academic space that has existed for centuries.

4. Khue Van Pavilion – Symbol of Hanoi

When mentioning the Temple of Literature – Quoc Tu Giam, one cannot overlook the image of Khue Van Pavilion. Built in 1805, this structure harmoniously combines architecture and Confucian philosophy. The name “Khue Van” symbolizes the light of the Khue star, representing knowledge and literature.

Pay attention to the intricate wood carvings; this craftsmanship not only highlights Khue Van Pavilion's beauty but also expresses respect for learning and intellect.

5. Doctoral Steles – World Heritage

Next, we will visit the most famous area of the Temple of Literature – Quoc Tu Giam: the 82 doctoral steles. These steles commemorate those who passed the royal exams from 1442 to 1779.

The stone steles are placed on the backs of turtles, symbolizing longevity and wisdom. Notably, the inscriptions on the steles contain not only names but also profound moral and educational teachings.

Try gently touching the turtles' backs, not only to wish for luck but also to feel the spirit of diligence and the thirst for knowledge of the ancient Vietnamese.

6. Great Synthesis Hall – Center of the Temple

Venturing further inside, you will find the Great Synthesis Hall, dedicated to Confucius and his outstanding disciples. This is the most sacred center of the Temple of Literature, where major ceremonies are held to honor the sages.

The architecture of the Great Synthesis Hall is both majestic and refined. Each wooden pillar, each roof tile, is carefully selected to express reverence. This space connects the past with the present, offering a sense of intimacy yet full of solemnity.

7. Quoc Tu Giam – The First University of Vietnam

Quoc Tu Giam was the institution for training the nation's talents. Initially, it was reserved for royal descendants, but later expanded to admit outstanding students from across the country.

Imagine the scene of ancient scholars, under the old roofs, diligently studying texts and preparing for challenging exams. Quoc Tu Giam is not just a school but a place that preserves the spirit of learning and the aspiration to rise of the Vietnamese nation.

8. Temple of Literature – A Convergence of Culture and Education

Not only a historical monument, the Temple of Literature – Quoc Tu Giam also hosts many cultural activities and festivals with deep meaning. Here, you can participate in calligraphy performances, learn about the art of Han-Nom script, or immerse yourself in the festive atmosphere at the beginning of the year.

During the exam season, it is common to see students visiting the Temple of Literature to pray for luck and success in their studies. This is a continuation of the learning spirit from ancient times to the present.

9. Conclusion

Dear visitors, the Temple of Literature – Quoc Tu Giam is not only a place that preserves memories of the past but also a lasting symbol of knowledge and culture in Vietnam. Here, we can admire its ancient beauty and understand more about the value of education and the learning spirit of the Vienam people.

Take the time to explore every corner, listen to every story, and feel the breath of history still lingering here. The Temple of Literature – Quoc Tu Giam is a journey not just to see but to understand and cherish the cultural values of Vietnam.

Opening Hours from Monday to Sunday:

• Morning: 8:00 AM - 12:00 PM
• Afternoon: 1:00 PM - 5:00 PM

Temple of Literature – Quoc Tu Giam Ticket Prices (Approximate)

• Adults: 30,000 VND per person
• Students: 15,000 VND per person
• Disabled Persons and Seniors (over 60): 15,000 VND per person
• Children under 15 years old: Free