Ong That Phu Temple, Vinh Long

Ong Temple - That Phu Mieu Vinh Long: A Journey to Explore Unique History and Beliefs

1. The Origin and Meaning of the Name "Thất Phủ Miếu"

Thất Phủ Miếu, also known as Chùa Ông (the "Ong" Temple), was built to honor the deities of the seven "phủ" (regions): Ninh Ba, Phước Châu, Chương Châu, Truyền Châu, Quảng Châu, Triều Châu, and Quỳnh Châu (Hainan Island). These regions are located in the provinces of Fujian, Guangdong, and Zhejiang, areas to which many Chinese people migrated to Vietnam during the Qing Dynasty. At that time, the Nguyễn Dynasty allowed the establishment of the "Thất Phủ Association," which functioned similarly to modern-day Chinese community associations, offering a space for the Chinese community to connect and practice their distinct religious beliefs.

2. Strategic Location and the Formation of Thất Phủ Miếu in Vĩnh Long

Thất Phủ Miếu is located in Ward 5, Vĩnh Long City, and was built during the Nguyễn Dynasty when Vĩnh Long Market was a bustling trading center. According to the Đại Nam nhất thống chí (The General Geography of Đại Nam), this area is adjacent to the river, which facilitated trade and cultural exchange. With its proximity to the river dock, the temple became a cultural and religious hub for the Chinese community in Vĩnh Long.

3. Development and Renovation During the French Colonial Period

As the Chinese community in Vĩnh Long grew under French rule, the Cantonese and Chaozhou groups separated to form their own associations. The Fujianese community rebuilt the temple in 1872 and renamed it "Vĩnh An Cung," establishing it as their official association hall. Today, the temple is located in Block A, Ward 5, Vĩnh Long City, and remains an important religious site for the local Chinese community.

4. Unique Architecture with Strong Fujian Influence

Thất Phủ Miếu was constructed between 1892 and 1909 by a team of Fujianese artisans under the leadership of architect Hà Tạo. The structure follows the "internal-structure, external-style" design, consisting of three main sections: the central hall, the front hall, and two wings (East and West). Covering an area of approximately 800 m², the temple features the characteristic "yin-yang" tiled roof, green-glazed tile borders, and solid brick walls that reflect the distinct architectural style of Fujian.

5. Intricate Interior and Sacred Statues

Inside the temple, the wooden carvings are finely crafted, featuring motifs such as elephants, lions, unicorns, flowers, and fruit. The walls are adorned with paintings of historical figures, adding to the solemn atmosphere of the temple. The temple has three main altars: the central altar is dedicated to the deities Quan Thánh Đế Quân, Quan Bình Thái Tử, and Châu Xương Tướng quân; the left altar honors Thiên Hậu Thánh Mẫu (the Goddess of the Sea); and the right altar is dedicated to Phước Đức Chánh Thần. The statues are made of wood, bronze, and porcelain, with vivid expressions that create a sacred atmosphere for worshipers.

6. Artistic Calligraphy and Carvings

The temple is also known for its exquisite wooden plaques, couplets, and "bao lam" (decorative panels), which are finely carved and gilded with red lacquer and gold leaf. Notably, one of the wooden plaques was exhibited at the Colonial Exhibition in Marseille, France, in 1922, where it won a bronze medal, showcasing the skill and craftsmanship of the Fujianese artisans.

7. Festivals and Its Role in the Religious Life of the Community

Thất Phủ Miếu hosts numerous important religious festivals, such as the celebrations for Bà (Goddess of the Sea), Phước Đức Chánh Thần, and the Year-End Festival, as well as the significant days for Ông (the temple's founder), on the 13th of January and the 13th of May. These festivals attract many local Chinese and Vietnamese people who come to pray for health and prosperity, symbolizing the strong cultural and religious bond within the community.

8. National Historical and Cultural Monument

With its significant historical and cultural value, Thất Phủ Miếu was recognized by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism as a national historical and cultural monument under Decision No. 152 QĐ/BT on January 25, 1994. The temple is not only a sacred place of worship but also a cultural symbol, preserving the precious heritage of the Chinese community in Vietnam.

An Attractive Destination for Culture and Belief Enthusiasts

Chùa Ông is not just an ancient temple but a valuable cultural heritage site. It serves as the center of Chinese culture in Vĩnh Long, reflecting the deep-rooted traditions and customs of the community. For those who enjoy leisure travel and wish to explore history and culture, Chùa Ông is definitely a must-visit destination.

With its timeless beauty and profound spiritual significance, Chùa Ông – Thất Phủ Miếu is a perfect stop for not only the Chinese community but also anyone interested in discovering traditional religious practices. Visiting the temple gives you the opportunity to not only pray for peace and well-being but also to explore the rich historical stories hidden in the architecture of the temple, helping you understand more about the land and its people.